Fontvieille
Fontvieille was reclaimed from the sea in the 1960s and 70s, adding roughly a fifth to the country's area. It holds a second harbour, housing, a shopping centre, a heliport, a park and the stadium.
It is the least glamorous part of Monaco and the most revealing: this is where a country put the things a country needs, on ground it made.
Stacking, because there is no room
The Stade Louis II is the clearest example. The pitch sits on a deck above a multi-storey car park, with sports halls, offices and a school built into the structure underneath — on land that was sea sixty years ago.
Larvotto's beach is made too: sheltered behind breakwaters, on reclaimed ground, with imported sand.
It is still happening
A further district was completed in the 2020s on caissons sunk offshore. Monaco has been extending itself into the sea for over half a century and has not stopped.
Walk in from the harbour rather than taking a bus. Crossing from old ground onto made ground is this country's whole story in five minutes.
Fontvieille
Stade Louis II
Roseraie Princesse Grace
Larvotto